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Over centuries of use, misuse, vandalism, repair, and re-binding, leaves can go missing. The book may have been bound out of order to begin with. Binders, who often could not read the texts, followed letters and numbers on the fronts of the first half of every gathering of leaves (quire), called signatures. A quire of eight leaves may have signatures A Aii Aiii Aiiii, and then four with no marks. Page numbers were uncommon before 1600. Page numbers and signature order do not always match (put your money on the signatures).&#13;
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A register, printed at the end of some books, indicates the order in which the binder should assemble the quires. The first photo shows the register for the two-volume work in the second photo, the Aldine edition of Plato’s works, printed in Venice, in 1513. Notice that the two volumes are different sizes. They come from different sets, cropped and bound differently. Along the way, Volume I lost its cover. Puzzles!&#13;
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The register indicates there are 62 quires, 1-EE. All quires are gatherings of four sheets (“quaterniones”) folded down the middle to make eight leaves, except quires 2, ii, and EE, which are of two folded sheets (“duerniones"), or four leaves.&#13;
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A researcher using this copy of Plato would do well to check that each of 968 pages of text is present, and standing in the right place. </text>
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&#13;
The second is from a collection of French author George Sand's early editions, from the library of the great Sand scholar, Georges Lubin (1904-2000). When Tufts professor Isabelle Naginski received a transatlantic phone call from her daughter, reporting that the books of Professor Naginski's late colleague were on sale in a Paris antiquarian bookshop, further hasty phone calls snared some of these historically and editorially valuable books for Tufts. Prof. Naginski's research on the novel, Lelia, is based on the early copy in our Lubin collection.&#13;
&#13;
The bookplates of Bloomsbury figures Lytton Strachey and Roger Senhouse grace their copy of Boccaccio's Decameron, published in Amsterdam, 1665.&#13;
&#13;
While other readers in this collection of plates are less well known to us, their artistic or whimsical sensibilities live on to inspire new readers.</text>
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                <text>A selection of bindings, 15th - 19th centuries:&#13;
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1. In memoriam, Alfred Tennyson, printed and bound at the Roycroft artisan community in East Aurora, NY, 1898&#13;
&#13;
2. Sir Perecyvelle of Gales, printed by William Morris at his Kelmscott Press, 1895, and bound by Ellen Gates Starr, social reformer and co-founder of Hull House with Jane Addams&#13;
&#13;
3. Native of Winby, Sarah Orne Jewett, Boston, Houghton, Mifflin &amp; Co., 1893&#13;
&#13;
4. Poems on various subjects, Phillis Wheatley, Boston: A. Bell, 1777&#13;
&#13;
5. Flagello militare, printed at Naples, 1676, in royal binding, from the library of Charles II, King of Spain (1661-1700)&#13;
&#13;
6. De republica libri sex, Jean Bodin, printed at Frankfurt, 1609, with gauffered edges in a parchment binding&#13;
&#13;
7. Cicero’s Rhetoric, printed at Lyon, 1560&#13;
&#13;
8. Adages, Erasmus, printed at Geneva by Robert Estienne (Stephanus), 1558, in a blind-tooled leather binding that has lost its clasps&#13;
&#13;
9. Several books of the Old Testament, with commentary, printed between 1501-1510, in its original chained binding, to prevent unauthorized removal from an institutional library&#13;
&#13;
10. Tufts University MS 24, a Dominican miscellany copied in Italy with texts from two periods, c. 1280-1340 and 1450-1500.</text>
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&#13;
1. Charlotte Guillard’s mark&#13;
2. Scholar-printer Aldus Manutius, among whose innovations were the Italic font and the first practicable Greek font.&#13;
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&#13;
Over the next two decades, Welch sent 10 medieval manuscripts, dozens of early printed books, manuscript fragments, fine bindings, and much more to support Tufts students &amp; faculty in the study of art, literature, languages, and history. To mark the 30th anniversary of his graduation, he gave a leaf from a Gutenberg Bible, from a damaged copy, bound with an essay to commemorate the printer. The Welch gifts are the beginning and core of the #tischrarebooks collection @tuftsuniversity&#13;
&#13;
1. Leaf from a French Book of Hours, 15th century&#13;
2. MS 9, Book of Hours, Netherlands, 15th century&#13;
3. Walter F. Welch, Jr., Tufts yearbook photo, 1928&#13;
4. Welch’s bookplate in a 16th century copy of Cicero&#13;
5. Leaf from a Gutenberg Bible, about 1450-1455&#13;
6. Miniature in MS 2, Book of Hours, France, 15th century&#13;
7. Signature of preeminent Shakespearean actress Ellen Terry, an earlier owner of MS 7, Gospel sequences for Holy Week, Italy, 15th century&#13;
8. Decorated initial in MS 7&#13;
9. Clippings from the Tufts Weekly</text>
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